Find the first useful clue.

The filename does not choose the output format. The relinker defaults to Linux ELF.

1. Convert the input again with --windows for a Windows PE executable.
2. Add --windows-diagnostics if your installed build supports it and you need startup dependency details.
3. Keep AnyPS5 system libraries for the same target operating system in libs/.

The input must have a supported bundled-module directory beside it.

1. Use sce_module/, sce_modules/, or prx/ beside the clean input ELF.
2. Do not keep sce_module/ and sce_modules/ together. prx/ can coexist with either.
3. Use each generated Guest module: path under app0/ for the converted modules.

The usage document identifies original PS5 modules in libs/ as one possible cause.

1. Check whether original title modules were placed in libs/.
2. Keep libs/ for the AnyPS5 system libraries built for Windows.
3. Place converted title modules in their printed app0/ paths. Other causes of error 193 need separate diagnosis.

On Windows, direct memory is committed when allocated. The commit limit must cover the title plus other applications.

1. In Task Manager, compare the requested allocation with the available commit limit.
2. Close other applications or review the Windows page-file setting.
3. The documented per-title upper allocation is 13,824 MiB; this is not a universal RAM requirement. Record the complete Windows error.

A title using sceFontOpenFontSet needs the expected font files.

1. Place the documented openly licensed Noto substitutes in anyps5-fonts/ beside the output.
2. Use ANYPS5_SYSTEM_FONTS only if you intentionally keep those files in another directory.
3. Follow the exact filenames and language variants in the source document.

The runtime selects a Vulkan 1.1 device with graphics, compute, and swapchain presentation, preferring a discrete GPU.

1. Read the Physical device candidate lines at startup.
2. Set ANYPS5_GPU to part of a printed device name. Matching is case insensitive.
3. If no usable device matches, the startup error lists device names. A usable GPU still does not establish title compatibility.

An unreadable custom file or an invalid mapping line can stop input initialization.

1. Check anyps5-input.ini beside the generated executable, or the ANYPS5_INPUT_CONFIG path.
2. Use Action = Type:Value and supported SDL key names; keep the file UTF-8.
3. Read the reported filename and line number. Without a custom file or environment override, the built-in mapping is used.

The documented codes distinguish invalid arguments from a failed conversion.

1. Code 1 means invalid arguments. Recheck option spelling and the two positional paths.
2. Code 2 means conversion failed. Save the first stderr error and the complete output.
3. Code 0 means conversion succeeded; it does not prove the title will launch or be playable.